Tungi osmon kuzatuvchilari uchun ko'chma ob -havo stantsiyasi: 7 qadam (rasmlar bilan)

2024 Muallif: John Day | [email protected]. Oxirgi o'zgartirilgan: 2024-01-30 13:25

Yorug'likning ifloslanishi dunyodagi ko'p muammolardan biridir. Bu muammoni hal qilish uchun biz tungi osmon sun'iy yorug'lik bilan qanchalik ifloslanganligini bilishimiz kerak. Dunyoda o'qituvchilari bo'lgan ko'plab talabalar yorug'lik ifloslanishini qimmat datchiklar yordamida o'lchashga harakat qilishadi. Men portativ lyuksmetrni (oldingi ko'rsatmalarni o'qish uchun, Portable Luxmeter loyihasini) TSL2591 sensorli ob -havo stantsiyasiga o'zgartirishga qaror qildim. Bu sensor tungi ifloslanishni o'lchash uchun etarlicha sezgir. Bundan tashqari, men harorat va namlikni o'lchash uchun HTU21D qo'shaman.

1 -qadam: Tungi ifloslanish nima va u qanday o'lchanadi

Kechki ifloslanish - bu lampalar, mashinalar, uylar, shahardagi ulkan LCD panellar va inson tomonidan ishlab chiqarilgan har bir yorug'lik. Bu yorug'lik sun'iy chaqiruv. Kuzatuvchilar uchun sun'iy yorug'lik shahar yulduzlarini ko'rishning asosiy muammosi bo'lib, ular shahar tashqarisiga chiqishi kerak. Odam uchun yuqori nurli ifloslanish zararli. Shuningdek, daraxtlar, o'tlar va hayvonlar uchun.

Joyingizning yorug'lik ifloslanishini tekshirish uchun siz bu erda yorug'lik ifloslanish xaritasini ko'rishingiz mumkin

Bu faqat model va haqiqiy qiymatlar farq qilishi mumkin. Shuning uchun men o'sha lyuksmetrni yaratdim.

Yorug'lik ifloslanishini o'lchash uchun men faqat lyuksni o'lchayman va magnit/ arsec2 ni hisoblayman.

Men har bir kvadrat metr uchun lyuksdan kandelagacha hisoblashim mumkin:

1 CD/m2 = 1 lyuks

Kvadrat boshiga sekund soniya kattaligi (mag/arcsec2) tungi osmon fonini tasvirlaydi (u sirt ravshanligi deb ataladi).

Viki haqida ko'proq: Yuzaki nashrida

CD/m2 ni mag/arcsec2 ga hisoblash uchun formula:

[qiymat mag/arcsec2] = Log10 ([qiymat CD/m2]/108000)/-0,4

unihedron.com/projects/darksky/magconv.php

2 -qadam: BOM

Ushbu loyiha uchun sizga kerak:

1. WEMOS D1 Mini yoki har qanday mikrokontroller

(Men wemosdan foydalanaman, chunki u eng kichigi, usb port bilan siz Arduino Nanoni sinab ko'rishingiz mumkin)

WEMOS D1 MINI (Yanwen iqtisodiy havo pochtasi)

WEMOS D1 MINI (AliExpress standart etkazib berish)

WEMOS D1 MINI 10 dona (China Post Registered Air Mail - bepul yuk)

dasturlash va kodni wemosga yuklash uchun usb kabeli

2. TSL2591 sensori

TSL2591 (Yanwen iqtisodiy havo pochtasi)

TSL2591 (China Post Registered Air Mail)

TSL2591 (China Post Registered Air Mail)

3. HTU21D harorat va namlik sensori

HTU21D (Cainiao Super Iqtisodiyot)

HTU21D (Yanwen iqtisodiy havo pochtasi - bepul etkazib berish)

4. OLED displey 0,96 (128 x 64)

OLED displey

OLED displey

OLED displey

5. 18650 ta batareya

18650 lityum -ionli batareya

18650 lityum -ionli batareya

batareya ushlagichi 18650

6. TP4056 zaryadlovchi moduli

tp4056

tp4056

7. o'tish tugmachalari yoki o'tish kabeli

qizil cho'kish

pichoqlar, juda boshqacha

8. non paneli va dupont kabellari

kichik non paneli

non paneli

9. sumka, men yog'ochdan + lentadan yarataman

qizil tasma

Prusa 3D printer, umid qilamanki, men plastikdan ishlayman: D.

3 -qadam: O'chirish

O'chirish juda oddiy:

Barcha i2c modullarini (TSL2591, OLED, HTU21D) wemosdagi SCL va SDA pinlariga ulang (SDA -> D2, SCL -> D1).

Ularga wemosdan 3,3 V quvvat bering.

Batareyaning ortiqcha terminalini wemosdagi 5V pinli va tp4056 zaryadlovchi modulidagi batareya + pinni batareyadagi ortiqcha terminalga ulang.

Barcha maydonlarni bir -biriga ulang.

4 -qadam: HTU21D sensori

Men 0,3 ° C aniqlik bilan o'lchanadigan yangi harorat sensori sotib olaman!

Sensor haqida bilishingiz kerak bo'lgan narsalar (sparkfundan):

• I2C interfeysidan foydalanadi
• Odatda namlik aniqligi ± 2%
• Odatda harorat aniqligi ± 0,3 ° S
• Namlik 0 dan 100% gacha ishlaydi, lekin bu sensor suv bilan (yomg'ir kabi) aloqa qiladigan qattiq muhit uchun tavsiya etilmaydi.
• 3.3V sensori - 5V signallarini cheklash uchun ichki chiziqli konvertor konvertorlari yoki 10k rezistorlardan foydalaning
• I2C avtobusida bir vaqtning o'zida faqat bitta HTU21D sensori bo'lishi mumkin

Mening xulosam: bu yaxshi sensor, chunki u 0,3 ° C aniqlikda, ham haroratda, ham namlikda o'lchanadi. Tarozilar - bu I2C aralashuvi va kamchiliklari 3.3V, lekin bu mening ishimda muhim emas.

5 -qadam: TSL2591

Bu sensor tungi osmonning ifloslanishini o'lchash uchun juda yaxshi, chunki u sezgirligi (188 mikro lyuksgacha!).

1. mumkin bo'lgan ir va to'liq o'lchovli diodlar. Men uni ishlatmayman.

2. voltaj regulyatori 5V dan 3,3 V gacha

Chip xususiyatlari (adafruitdan):

• Inson ko'zining reaktsiyasi taxminan
• Juda keng dinamik diapazon 1 dan 600 000 000 gacha
• Lyuks diapazoni: 188 uLux sezuvchanligi, 88000 gacha Lux kirish o'lchovlari.
• Harorat oralig'i: -30 dan 80 *S gacha
• Voltaj diapazoni: bort regulyatoriga 3.3-5V
• Interfeys: I2C
• Bu karta/chip I2C 7-bitli 0x29 manzilidan foydalanadi (sobit)
• Olchamlari: 19 mm x 16 mm x 1 mm /.75 "x.63" x.04 "Og'irligi: 1.1 g
• O'lchash uchun ikkita diod - IQ va to'liq spektr

Xulosa:

188 uLux - bu perferkt, shuningdek I2C aloqasi oddiy. Ehtimol, muammo I2C manzili (0x29) bilan tuzatilishi mumkin. Shuningdek, regulyator bortda yaxshi va qishda (sovuqda) sensordan foydalanish mumkin.

6 -qadam: kod

Sizga bu kutubxonalar kerak (men ularni bitta zip faylga qo'shaman):

• Adafruit-GFX-kutubxona-usta
• adafruit_gfx_library_master
• Adafruit_HTU21DF_Kutubxona-usta
• Adafruit_Sensor-usta
• Adafruit_TSL2591_Kutubxona-usta

Kod: siz menikidan foydalanishingiz yoki o'zingiz yaratishingiz mumkin. Maksimal integratsiya vaqtini (600 MS) belgilashni va tungi osmon o'lchovi uchun maksimal (GAIN_MAX) olishni unutmang.

Agar siz mening kodimdan foydalanmoqchi bo'lsangiz, iltimos, ino faylini yuklab oling. Ko'rsatmalardan nusxa ko'chirganimda, kutubxonalarda noto'g'ri narsa

Men oyning yuklangan tasvirini faqat o'yin -kulgi uchun ishlataman. Siz xohlagan narsadan foydalanishingiz mumkin, faqat qatorni olish uchun ushbu sahifadan foydalaning:

javl.github.io/image2cpp/

// https://unihedron.com/projects/darksky/magconv // mcd.php… // HD44780-belgiga asoslangan suyuq kristalli displeylar (LCD) uchun boshqaruvchi. https://unihedron.com/projects/darksky/magconv.php… #include

#qo'shing

#include #include #include "Adafruit_HTU21DF.h" #include "Adafruit_TSL2591.h" int counter; // OLED displey TWI manzili #define OLED_ADDR 0x3C Adafruit_SSD1306 displeyi (-1); // - 1 displeyni qayta ishga tushirish uchun arduino platasidagi qayta ishga tushirish tugmasi bilan Adafruit_HTU21DF htu = Adafruit_HTU21DF (); Adafruit_TSL2591 tsl = Adafruit_TSL2591 (2591); // sensor identifikatori uchun raqamni kiriting (keyinroq foydalanish uchun) uint32_t lum; uint16_t ir, to'liq; int ulux; suzuvchi lyuks; suzish harorati; suzuvchi rel_hum; float mag_arcsec2; // Visual mags/arcsecond² [mag/arcsec2 dagi qiymat] = Log10 ([CD/m2 qiymatida/108000)/-0,4 // belgilar // Selsiy kontserti uchun belgisiz belgi darajasi] PROGMEM = {0xe, 0x11, 0x11, 0x11, 0xe, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0; // exponent 2 const unsigned char exponent PROGMEM = {0xe, 0x1b, 0x3, 0x6, 0xc, 0x18, 0x1f, 0x0}; // 'moon_logo', 128x64px const unsigned char intro PROGMEM = {0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xfe, 0x3f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xc1, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x0f, 0xff 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xf0, 0x3f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff. 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xc0, 0xff, 0xfd, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x01, 0xff, 0xfd, 0xff. 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xfe, 0x03, 0xff, 0xc0, 0x3f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff. 0xfc, 0x07, 0xff, 0xe0, 0x7f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xf0, 0x07, 0xff, 0xf8, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff. 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xe0, 0x0f, 0xff, 0xf0, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xc0, 0x0f, 0xff, 0x77, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff., 0x80, 0x1f, 0xbe, 0x7f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x80, 0x1f, 0xcc, 0xff, 0xff, 0x8f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x00, 0x3f, 0xc0, 0xff, 0xff, 0x1f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xc0, 0xff, 0xff, 0x8f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xfe, 0x00, 0x3f, 0xe0, 0x7f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff., 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xfc, 0x00, 0x3f, 0x80, 0x1f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xf8, 0x00, 0x3f., 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xf8, 0x00, 0x3f, 0xf1, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff., 0xff, 0xff, 0xf0, 0x00, 0x3f, 0xf9, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x ff, 0xff, 0xf0, 0x00, 0x3f, 0xfb, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xf0, 0x00, 0x3f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff. 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xe0, 0x0f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff. 0xe0, 0x18, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xe0, 0x60, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff. 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xe0, 0x00, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xe7, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff. 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xe1, 0xe7, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xc0, 0x00, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xe0, 0x07, 0xff. 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xc0, 0x18, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xe0, 0x0f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xx0, 0x38, 0xff. 0xff, 0xff, 0xe0, 0x0f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xc0, 0x48, 0x7f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xc0, 0x1f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xc0, 0x80, 0x3f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x00, 0x1f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff. 0xff, 0xff, 0xc0, 0xc4, 0x1f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xfc, 0x00, 0x0f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xc0, 0x60, 0x0f, 0xff, 0xff 0x0f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xc0, 0xf0, 0x03, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xf0, 0x07, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff. 0xc0, 0x00, 0x00, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xf0, 0xe3, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xc0, 0x00, 0x00, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xf. 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xc0, 0x00, 0x01, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xf1, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff. 0x43, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xfb, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xe0, 0x00, 0x4f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xfb, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff. 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xe0, 0x00, 0x5f, 0xff, 0xff, 0x03, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xf0, 0x00, 0x3f, 0xff, 0xff, 0x87, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xf0, 0x00, 0xf., 0xcf, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xf0, 0x00, 0x01, 0xff, 0xff, 0xb7, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff., 0xff, 0xff, 0xf8, 0x00, 0x01, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xf8, 0x00, 0x03, 0xff, 0xff., 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xfc, 0x01, 0x0f, 0x3f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff., 0xfc, 0x01, 0xfe, 0x3f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xfe, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff., 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff., 0x00, 0x0f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x80, 0x 00, 0x0f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xc0, 0x00, 0x03, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff. 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xe0, 0x00, 0x01, 0xff, 0xff, 0xfd, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xf, 0xf. 0x7f, 0xff, 0xf3, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xf8, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1f, 0xff, 0xc7, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff. 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xfc, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xfc, 0x0f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00. 0x1f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff. 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xe0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xf8, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03, 0xff. 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xfe, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xe0, 0x01, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff. 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff}; void setup () {// htu21d htu.begin (); // tsl2591 sensor_t sensori; tsl.getSensor (& sensor); tsl.setGain (TSL2591_GAIN_MAX); // MAX, HIGH MED, LOW, tsl.setTiming (TSL2591_INTEGRATIONTIME_600MS); // 100MS, 200 MS, 300MS, 400MS, 500MS, 600MS // displey displeyini sozlash.begin (SSD1306_SWITCHCAPVCC, OLED_ADDR); display.clearDisplay (); display.display (); display.drawBitmap (0, 0, kirish, 128, 64, oq); display.display (); kechikish (1000); display.setTextSize (1); display.setTextColor (oq); display.setFont (& FreeSerif9pt7b); display.clearDisplay (); } void loop () {lux = 0; ulux = 0; mag_arcsec2 = 0; temp = 0; rel_hum = 0; kechikish (100); lum = tsl.getFullLuminosity (); ir = lum >> 16; to'liq = lum & 0xFFFF; kechikish (100); lyuks = tsl.calculateLux (to'liq, ir); // microlux ulux = yorug'lik intensivligi = lux*1000000; agar (ulux <0) {ulux = 0; } mag_arcsec2 = log10 (lux/108000)/-0,4; // (log ((ulux/108000)) /(-0.4) temp = htu.readTemperature (); rel_hum = htu.readHumidity (); display_values ();} void display_values () {//display.drawPixel(120, Display.clearDisplay (); display.setCursor (1, 15); display.print (temp); display.drawBitmap (42, 2, daraja, 8, 5, WHITE); display.setCursor (50, Display.print ("C"); display.setCursor (70, 15); display.print (rel_hum); display.setCursor (114, 15); display.print ("%"); display.drawLine (1, 20, 127, 20, oq); display.drawLine (67, 1, 67, 20, oq); display.setCursor (1, 35); display.print ("ulux ="); display.setCursor (50), 35); display.print (ulux); display.setCursor (1, 55); display.print ("mag/arsec"); display.drawBitmap (70, 45, eksponent, 8, 8, WHITE); displey. setCursor (83, 55); display.print (mag_arcsec2); display.display ();}

7 -qadam: Ichkarida

Men o'z ishimni yarataman va siz ko'rib turganingizdek, dupontli kabelli non panelidan foydalanaman.

Men batareyani USB kabeli bilan zaryad qilish uchun TP4056 dan foydalanaman (swtich dip jumper kerak).

Yoqish/o'chirish uchun men o'tish moslamasidan foydalanaman.

Kunduzgi yorug'lik uchun TSL2591 0 ni ko'rsatadi va mag/arcsec2 nan.

Tungi osmon uchun TSL2591 0 dan 1000 000 microlux (ulux) va mos keladigan mag/arcsec2 ni ko'rsatishi kerak.

(taxminan 14 dan 22 mag/arsek2).

FullMoon uchun men 50k uluxni o'lchadim, bu 0,05 lyuks.